Unit iv: Approaches in Teaching Accountancy

 Designing Year Plan. 

Under this unit first we discussed about year plan and Year plan is a guide book that guide us to reached our desire goals. As a its important for us to have year plan because it will tell us how to move on with our roles and responsibility. Therefore i feel its important for us to develop year plan not only as a teacher but also as a general people. 

 Year plan in education system consist of Chapters, Learning objectives, Pedagogical approach, Resources, assessment and time line. However what i feel is that, in Bhutanese education system we are mostly focused on text books so i think others resources are not that much familiar. Moreover students are not allowed to use phone in most of the schools and some resources are not available in their library so text book is only the one which is frequently using in our schools.  

we are assigned to make a year by dividing different chapters among the students. 

Chapter	Learning objectives	Pedagogical Approach	Resources	Assessment	Times
Chapter 8: Accounting for Property, Plant and Equipment -Definition and meaning of PPE. -Recognition of PPE. -Measurement of PPE. -Depreciation Meaning. -Features of Depreciation. -Need for providing Depreciation. -Methods of allocating Depreciation. -Carrying Amount.	Objectives. -Explain the meaning and recognition criteria of PPE. -Explain the meaning of Dep. -Discuss the cause of Dep. -Describe the methods of Dep. -Calculating Dep amount	-Definition and measurement of PPE. -Depreciation and methods of calculating depreciation and also factors affecting depreciation.   -Change in useful life and residual value of assets, revaluation of assets. -Needs to provide provision for depreciation.	-Text books. -BAS guide books. -Videos  -websites -Youtube.	-Class test -Three types of  assessment -Midterm Exam -Annual Exam	Maximum-20 days  Minimum- 15 days

Teaching concepts through inductive and deductive reasoning

With the help of year plan we have to teach those concepts to the students according to the year plan and there are two approaches of teaching accountancy i.e inductive and deductive approach. 

1. Inductive approach: it involves learners to detecting patterns and formulating tentative hypothesis to explore and to understanding. principle of inductive states that its important to move from one specific ideas to general and its student centered learning. what i thought about this approach is that its little bit confusing because students have to explore more and its more of student centered learning so there is chances that students may drag into different concepts. 

2. Deductive approach: Teaching approach that moves from general to the specific where rules, principles or definition are presented first and their application are studied afterwards. i feel it will be better for students because they can able to understand full concept. later they can able explore more on it.  

Accounting case studies

Case study is something which students are provided with some information which can able to provides values to the students. Those types of activity provides not only values but also it encourages students to develop critical thinking, problem solving skills and analysis. 

As a future teacher what i feel is that a case study must have three main parts. Firstly opening paragraph (Introduction) which answers what, why, when, who and where questions. Secondly Body paragraph which discuss main issues, tells whole story of a case which is understandable. Thirdly Concluding paragraph which provides short summary of a case, even raise new questions.

Principles of Case study. 

1. Use of simple Language.

2. Write originality.

3. Don't provide any analysis or lesson learned.    

To write a case we have to use past tense, identify the main issues, and we have to provide enough information about the case. However what i feel is that when we write a case we have to write or try to make it short because too much of information may create confusion in students mind and its time consuming, therefore it will be better if we can make it short. 

Types of accountancy case. 

There are different types of case such as;

1. Problem based cases.

2. Decision Cases.

3. Descriptive cases.

4. Illustrative cases. 

5. Ethics and governance cases. 

6. Integrative cases. 

After discussing about the case study we are asked to prepare our case or select one weakest case from the text book and reframe it. 

Case analysis Sample: 

 

Imagine that you are a business entrepreneur with a chain of resorts and a furniture shop in Thimphu. You appointed Mr. Kinley as the manager of the furniture shop, responsible for handling all cash and bank transactions. However, you've recently heard rumors that Kinley has been spending recklessly and frequently seen at pubs and drayangs. Suspecting his source of income, you decided to inspect the cash book records. Upon comparison with the bank statement, you discovered several forged entries where Kinley falsely recorded deposits that were never actually made. It became apparent that he manipulated the cash book and used the funds for personal purposes.

Question

1. How would you identify and investigate discrepancies between the office records and the bank statement?

2.What actions would you take if you suspect an employee is misusing company funds for personal gain?

3.How would you implement internal controls to prevent fraudulent activities and ensure accurate recording of cash and bank transactions?

4. How would you address the issue with Mr. Kinley's spending habits and ensure the smooth operation of the furniture shop in your absence?

Teaching Values through Accountancy Lesson

Values are standard or principles that are used to judge the worth of an idea or action. its important because powerfully in developing good practice pedagogy with positive effects being demonstrated across a range of measures. There are different strategies to teach values such as Role modeling, making effective use of teaching process, explicit teaching of particular values through content. 

During that class what our module tutor said is that even a single accounting transaction can teach us lots of values. Example Borrowed Nu.50000 from Mr. Pema. Its explained that to happened this transaction there should be trust between two people. In real life situation what our tutor said is absolutely right however in education system through such types of information its difficult to teach values to the students because students intention is to score high marks and also it's not related to their real life students focused more on understanding concepts rather than gaining values. Therefore i feel it is difficult to teach values through those types of information.